說明
一、版本
以SL為底本,並參考Ba,Sh,O,I等校訂本。Sh有多處將ṃ作m、n或ṅ,而且由於採新式標點,有些被標點隔開之處違反連音規則(sandhi),這些情形不在本文中一一指出。
二、正文
(一)梵文轉寫原則:依照AK(E)。
(二)[]內之數字表示頁碼。例:[90]表示SL之第九十頁。
(三)斜體字表示偈頌及長行中所引頌文。例:
kalpāsaṃkhyeyaniryātohyadhimuktiṃvivardhayan/
(本品第一頌前半)
adhimuktiṃvivardhayannityadhimātrāvasthānayanāt/
(本品第一頌長行)
三、腳注
(一)為便於參閱,將SL之法文原注譯為中文。
(二)原注採隨頁注(即注號之起訖以各頁為一單元),本文則用連號注(即全篇之注號皆相連貫)。為便於查對,於原注文字之前標明原注所在頁次與注號,如:[90,n.1]表示SL之第九十頁,注一。
(三)除了原注之外,還有筆者所附之注,其中包括S.Lévi等人對SL之訂正,按如下之例注明出處:
[L161]=Lévi(1911,161)
[Nxvii]=長尾雅人(1958,xvii)
[U618]=宇井伯壽(1961,618)
[O221]=小谷信千代(1984,221)
[O230,n.1]=小谷信千代(1984,230),note1
[F56]=舟橋尚哉(1984,56)
[I6]=岩本明美(1995,6)
[I11,n.5]=岩本明美(1995,11),note5
[I11,(16)]=岩本明美(1995,11),注16
Ba,Sh皆有標示SL之頁碼,因此在提到此二者時不另標示頁碼。
(四)藏文轉寫係依照UnitedStatesLibraryofCongress之轉寫系統。(參JoeWilson,TranslatingBuddhismFromTibetan,SnowLionPublications,Ithaca,1992,pp.556-557.)
(五)所引藏文資料之略語及出處如下:
MSA=mDosde'irgyangyibśadpa:
Dno.4031,Phi129b1-260a7
Pno.5527,Phi135b7-287a8
SAV=mDosdergyangyi'grelbśad:
Dno.4039,Mi1-Tsi266a7
Pno.5531,Mi1-Tsi308a8
MSAṬ=Thegpachenpo'imdosde'irgyangyirgyacherbśadpa
Dno.4034,Bi38b6-174a7
Pno.5530,Bi45a6-196a7
為節省篇幅,注明出處時只標示葉碼與行數,表示法詳見〈附錄〉說明五。D與P的SAV的《教授教誡品》部分皆在Mi函中,不另注明函號。
[90]avavādānuśāsanīvibhāgeślokāekapañcāśat/
kalpāsaṃkhyeyaniryātohyadhimuktiṃvivardhayan/
saṃṃpūrṇaḥkuśalairdharmaiḥsāgarovāribhiryathā//1//1
adhimuktiṃvivardhayannityadhimātrāvasthānayanāt/śeṣaṃgatārthaṃ2/
tathāsaṃbhṛtasaṃbhārohyādiśuddhojinātmajaḥ
suvijñaḥkalya3-cittaścabhāvanāyāṃprayujyate//2//
ādiśuddhobodhisattva4-saṃvarapariśodhanānmahāyānedṛṣṣṭi5-ṛju6-karaṇāccāviparītārthagrahaṇataḥ/suvijñobahuśruta-tvāt/kalyacittovinivaraṇatvāt/
dharmasrotasibuddhebhyo'vavādaṃlabhatetadā/
vipulaṃśamathajñānavaipulyagamanāyahi//3//
ślokogatārthaḥ/
tataḥsūtrādikedharmeso'dvayārthavibhāvake/
sūtrādināmnibadhnīyāccittaṃprathamatoyatiḥ//4//
tataḥpadaprabhedeṣuvicaredanupūrvaśaḥ/
vicārayettadarthāṃścapratyātmaṃyoniśaś7casaḥ//5//
avadhṛtyacatānarthāndharmesaṃkalayetpunaḥ/
tataḥkuryātsamāśāstiṃ8tadarthādhigamāyasaḥ//6//
[91]sūtrageyādikedharmeyatsūtrādināmadaśabhūmikamity-evamāditatracittaṃprathamatobadhnīyāt/ebhistribhiḥślokaiḥṣaṭcittānyupadiṣṭāni/mūlacittamanucaracittaṃvicāraṇācittamavadhāraṇācittaṃsaṃkalanacittamāśāsticittaṃca/tatramūlacittaṃyatsūtrādīnāṃdharmāṇāṃnāmālambanam/*ava-vādaṃśrutvāsvayaṃvākalpayitvā/tadyathā'nityaṃduḥkhaṃśūnyamanātmyaṃcayoniśonacetyādi*9/anucaracittaṃyenasūtrādīnāṃnāmataālambitānāṃpadaprabhedamanugacchati/vicāraṇācittaṃyenārthaṃvyañjanaṃcavicārayati/tatrārthaṃcaturbhirākārairvicārayatigaṇanayātulanayāmīmāṃsayāpraty-avekṣaṇayāca/tatragaṇanāsaṃkhyāgrahaṇaṃ10tadyathārūpaṃdaśāyatanānyekasyacapradeśovedanāṣaḍvedanākāyāityevam-ādi/tulanāsaṃkhyāvatodharmasyasamalakṣaṇa11-grahaṇamanadhyāropā12-napavādataḥ/mīmāṃsāpramāṇaparīkṣā/pratya-vekṣaṇāgaṇitatulitamīmāṃsitasyārthasyāvalokanaṃ/vyañjanaṃdvābhyāmākārābhyāṃvicārayati/sārthatayā13casamastānāṃvyañjanānāṃ14nirarthatayācavyastānāṃ/avadhāraṇācittaṃyenayathānucaritaṃvicāritaṃvātannimittamavadhārayati15/saṃkalanacittaṃyad16yathāvicāritamarthaṃmūlacittesaṃkṣipyaparipiṇḍitākāraṃvartate/āśāsticittaṃyadarthaṃprayuktobhavatisamādhyarthaṃvātatparipūryarthaṃ17vāśrāmaṇyaphalārthaṃvābhūmipraveśārthaṃvāviśeṣagamanārthaṃvātacchandasaha-gataṃvartate/cittamevahyālambanapratibhāsaṃvartatenacittādanyadālambanamastītijānatovācittamātramajānatovācittamevālambanaṃnānyat/itiṣaḍvidhaṃcittamālambanaṃṃvyavasthāpyate/
eṣetapratyavekṣetamanojalpaiḥprabandhataḥ/
nirjalpaikarasaiścāpimanaskārairvicārayet//7//
jñeyaḥśamathamārgo'syadharmanāmacapiṇḍitaṃṃ/
jñeyovipaśyanāmārgastadarthānāṃvicāraṇā//8//
yuganaddhaścavijñeyomārgastatpiṇḍitaṃpunaḥ/
līnaṃṃcittaṃpragṛhṇīyād18uddhataṃśamayetpunaḥ//9//
samaprāptam19upekṣetatasminnālambanepunaḥ/
sātatyenāthasatkṛtyasarvasminyojayetpunaḥ//10//
ebhiścaturbhiḥślokairekādaśamanaskārāupadiṣṭāḥ/savitarkaḥsavicāraḥ/avitarkovicāramātraḥ/avitarko'vicāraḥ/śamathamanaskāraḥ/vipaśyanā-[92]manaskāraḥ/yuganaddha-manaskāraḥ/pragrahanimittamanaskāraḥ20/śamathanimitta21-manaskāraḥ/upekṣānimittamanaskāraḥ/sātatyamanaskāraḥ/satkṛtyamanaskāraśca/
nibadhyālambanecittaṃtatprabandhaṃ22navikṣipet/
avagamyāśuvikṣepaṃtasminpratiharetpunaḥ//11//
pratyātmaṃsaṃkṣipeccittamuparyuparibuddhimān/
tataścaramayec23cittaṃsamādhauguṇadarśanāt//12//
aratiṃśamayettasminvikṣepe24doṣadarśanāt/
abhidhyādaurmanasyādīnvyutthitānśamayettathā//13//
tataścasābhisaṃskārāṃcittesvarasavāhitāṃ/
labhetānabhisaṃskārāṃ25tadabhyāsātpunaryatiḥ//14//
ebhiścaturbhiḥślokairnavākārayācittasthityāsthityupāyaupadiṣṭaḥ/cittaṃsthāpayatisaṃsthāpayaty26avasthāpayaty27upasthāpayatidamayatiśamayativyupaśamayatyekotīkaroticittaṃ28samādadhātītinavākārāḥ29/
tataḥsatanukāṃlabdhvāpraśrabdhiṃkāyacetasoḥ/
vijñeyaḥsamanaskāraḥ30punastān31savivardhayan//15//
vṛddhidūraṃgamatvenamaulīṃsalabhatesthitiṃ/
tāṃśodhayannabhijñārthametikarmaṇyatāṃparāṃ//16//
dhyāne'bhijñābhinirhārāllokadhātūnsagacchati/
pūjārthamaprameyāṇāṃbuddhānāṃśravaṇāyaca//17//
aprameyānupāsyāsaubuddhānkalpairameyagaiḥ/
karmaṇyatāṃparāmeticetasastadupāsanāt//18//
eti32karmaṇyatāṃparāṃdhyāna33itisaṃbandhanīyaṃ/kalpairameyagairityaprameyasaṃkhyāgataiḥ/śeṣameṣāṃślokānāṃgatārthaṃ/
tato'nuśaṃsānlabhatepañcaśuddheḥsapūrvagān/
viśuddhibhājanatvaṃcatatoyātiniruttaraṃ//19//
kṛtsnodauṣṭhulyakāyo34hidravate'syapratikṣaṇaṃ/
āpūryatecapraśrabdhyākāyacittaṃsamantataḥ//20//
aparicchinnamābhāsaṃdharmāṇāṃvettisarvataḥ/
akalpitānisaṃśuddhaunimittāniprapaśyati//21//
prapūraucaviśuddhaucadharmakāyasyasarvathā/
karotisatataṃdhīmānevaṃhetuparigrahaṃ//22//
[93]tataḥśuddheḥpūrvaṃgamānpañcānuśaṃsānlabhate/śuddher35iti36śuddhyāśayabhūmeḥ/teṣāṃcalābhādviśuddhibhājanatvaṃprāpnoti/niruttaraṃyānānuttaryāt37/prapūraucaviśuddhaucadharmakāyasyetidaśamyāṃbhūmauparipūrirbuddhabhūmauviśuddhiḥ/eteṣāṃca38pañcānāmanuśaṃsānāṃtrayaḥśamathapakṣādvauvipaśyanāpakṣauveditavyau/atoyāvallaukikaḥsamudāgamaḥ/
tataścāsautathābhūtobodhisattvaḥsamāhitaḥ/
manojalpādvinirmuktānsarvārthānnaprapaśyati//23//
dharmālokasya39vṛddhyarthaṃvīryamārabhatedṛḍhaṃ/
dharmālokavivṛddhyācacittamātre'vatiṣṭhate//24//
sarvārthapratibhāsatvaṃtataścitteprapaśyati/
prahīṇo40grāhyavikṣepas41tadātasyabhavatyasau//25//
tatogrāhakavikṣepaḥ42kevalo'syāvaśiṣyate/
ānantaryasamādhiṃcaspṛśatyāśutadāpunaḥ//26//
ataūrdhvaṃnirvedhabhāgīyāni43/tathābhūtobodhisattvaḥsamāhitacittomanojalpādvinirmuktān44sarvadharmānnaprapaśyati45svalakṣaṇasāmānyalakṣaṇākhyānmanojalpamātramevakhyāti46/sāsyoṣmagatāvasthā/ayaṃsaālokoyamadhikṛtyoktaṃkṣāranadyām47/ālokaitidharmanidhyānakṣānteretadadhivacanamiti/satasyaivadharmālokasyavivṛddhyarthamasthita48-kriyayādṛḍhaṃvīryamārabhate/sāsyamūrdhāvasthā/dharmālokavivṛddhyā49cacittamātre'vatiṣṭhate/cittametaditiprativedhāt/tataścittaevasarvārthapratibhāsatvaṃpaśyati/nacittādanyamarthaṃ/tadācāsyagrāhyavikṣepaḥprahīṇo50bhavati/grāhakavikṣepaḥ51kevalo'vaśiṣyate/sāsyakṣāntyavasthā/tadācakṣipram52ānantaryasamādhiṃspṛśati/sāsyalaukikāgradharmāvasthā/kenakāraṇenasaānantaryaucyate/
yatogrāhakavikṣepohīyatetadanantaraṃ/
jñeyānyuṣmagatādīni53etānihiyathākramaṃ//27//
ityetānyuṣmagatādīninirvedhabhāgīyāni/
dvayagrāhavisaṃyuktaṃlokottaramanuttaraṃ/
nirvikalpaṃmalāpetaṃjñānaṃsalabhatetataḥ54//28//
[94]ataḥpareṇadarśanamārgāvasthā55/dvayagrāhavisaṃyuktaṃgrāhyagrāhagrāhakagrāhavisaṃṃyogāt/anuttaraṃyānānuttaryeṇa56/nirvikalpaṃgrāhyagrāhakavikalpavisaṃyogāt/malāpetaṃdarśanaheya57-kleśaprahāṇāt/etenavirajovigatamalamityuktaṃbhavati/
sāsyāśrayaparāvṛttiḥ58prathamābhūmiriṣyate/
ameyaiścāsyasākalpaiḥsuviśuddhiṃṃnigacchati//29//
ślokogatārthaḥ/
dharmadhātoścasamatāṃpratividhyapunastadā/
sarvasattveṣulabhatesadātmasamacittatāṃ//30//
nirātmatāyāṃduḥkhe'rthakṛtye59niḥpratikarmaṇi/
sattveṣusamacitto'sauyathānye60'pijinātmajāḥ//31//
dharmanairātmyenacadharmasamatāṃpratividhyasarvasattveṣusadātmasamacittatāṃ61pratilabhate/pañcavidhayāsamatayā/nairātmyasamatayāduḥkhasamatayāsvaparasaṃtāneṣṣunairātmyaduḥkhatayor62aviśeṣāt/kṛtyasamatayāsvaparaduḥkha-prahāṇakāmatāsāmānyāt/niṣpratikārasamatayā/ātmanaivaparataḥpratikārānabhinandanāt/tadanyabodhisattvasamatayācayathātairabhisamitaṃtathābhisamayāt/
traidhātukānsa63saṃskārānabhūtaparikalpataḥ/
jñānenasuviśuddhenaadvayārthena64paśyati//32//
satraidhātukān65saṃskārānabhūtaparikalpamātrān66paśyati/suviśuddhenajñānenalokottaratvāt/advayārthenetyagrāhyagrāha-kārthena/
tadabhāvasyabhāvaṃcavimuktaṃdṛṣṭihāyibhiḥ67/
labdho68darśanamārgohitadātenanirucyate//33//
tasyagrāhyagrāhakābhāvasyabhāvaṃdharmadhātuṃ69darśana-prahātavyaiḥkleśairvimuktaṃpaśyati/
abhāvaśūnyatāṃjñātvātathābhāvasyaśūnyatāṃ/
prakṛtyāśūnyatāṃjñātvāśūnyajñaitikathyate//34//
[95]sacabodhisattvaḥśūnyajñaitiucyate/trividhaśūnyatājñā-nāt/abhāvaśūnyatāparikalpitaḥsvabhāvaḥsvenalakṣṣaṇenābhāvāt/tathābhāvasyaśūnyatāparatantrasyasahinatathābhāvoyathākalpyatesvenalakṣaṇenabhāvaḥ/prakṛtiśūnyatāpariniṣpannaḥsvabhāvaḥśūnyatāsvabhāvatvāt/
animittapadaṃjñeyaṃvikalpānāṃcasaṃkṣayaḥ/
abhūtaparikalpaṃcatadapraṇihitasyahi//35//
animittapadaṃjñeyaṃvikalpānāṃcasaṃkṣayaḥ/abhūtaparikalpastadapraṇidhānasyapadamālambanamityarthaḥ/
tenadarśanamārgeṇasahalābhaḥsadāmataḥ/
sarveṣāṃbodhipakṣāṇāṃvicitrāṇāṃjinātmaje//36//
tenadarśanamārgeṇasahabodhisattvasyasarveṣṣṣāṃbodhipakṣṣāṇāṃdharmāṇāṃ70lābhoveditavyaḥsmṛtyupasthānādīnāṃ/
saṃskāramātraṃṃjagadetyabuddhyā
nirātmakaṃduḥkhavirūḍhimātraṃ/
vihāyayo'nartha71-mayātmadṛṣṭiṃ72
mahātmadṛṛṣṭiṃśrayatemahārthāṃ//37//73
vinātmadṛṣṭyāyaihātmadṛṣṣṣṭir
vināpiduḥkhenasuduḥkhitaśca/
sarvārthakartānacakārakāṅkṣṣī
yathātmanaḥsvātmahitānikṛtvā//38//
yomuktacittaḥparayāvimuktyā
baddhaścagāḍhāyatabandhanena/
duḥkhasyaparyantamapaśyamānaḥ
prayujyatecaivakaroticaiva//39//
svaṃduḥkhamudvoḍhumihāsamartho
lokaḥkutaḥpiṇḍitamanyaduḥkhaṃ/
janmaikamālokagataṃ74tvacinto
viparyayāttasyatubodhisattvaḥ//40//
yatpremayāvatsalatāprayogaḥ
sattveṣvakhedaścajinātmajānāṃ/
āścaryametatparamaṃbhaveṣṣu
nacaivasattvātmasamānabhāvāt//41//
ebhiḥpañcabhiḥ75ślokairdarśanamārgalābhino76bodhisattva-syamāhātmyodbhāvanaṃ/77anarthamayātmadṛṣṭiryākliṣṭāsatkāyadṛṣṭiḥ/mahātmadṛṣṣṣṭirmahārthā78yāsarvasattveṣvātma-samacittalābhātmadṛṣṭiḥ/sāhisarvasattvārthakriyāhetutvātmahārthā/vinātmadṛṣṭyānartha79-mayyātmadṛṣṣṭirmahārthāyā/vināpiduḥkhena80svasaṃtānajenasuduḥkhitas81sarvasattvasaṃtānajena/yomuktacitto82darśanaprahātavyebhyaḥ83parayāvimuktyānuttareṇayānena/baddhaścagāḍhāyatabandhanenasarvasattvasāṃtānikena84/85[96]duḥkhasyaparyantaṃnapaśyatisattvadhātor86anantatvādākāśavat/87prayujyatecaduḥkhasyānta-kriyāyaisattvānāṃkaroticaivārtham88aprameyāṇāṃsattvānāṃ/viparyayāttasyatubodhisattvaḥsahisaṃpiṇḍitasarvasattvaduḥkhaṃyāvallokagatamudvoḍhuṃsamarthaḥ/yāsattveṣubodhisattvasyapriyatāyācahitasukhaiṣitāyaścatadarthaṃprayogoyaścatatprayuktasyākheda89etatsarvamāścaryaṃparamaṃlokeṣu/nacaivāścaryaṃsattvānāmātmasamānatvāt/
tato'saubhāvanāmārgepariśiṣṭāsubhūmiṣu/
jñānasyadvividhasyehabhāvanāyaiprayujyate//42//90
nirvikalpaṃ91catajjñānaṃṃbuddhadharmaviśodhakaṃ/
anyadyathāvyavasthānaṃṃṃsattvānāṃparipācakaṃ//43//
bhāvanāyāścaniryāṇaṃdvyasaṃkhyeyasamāptitaḥ/
paścimāṃbhāvanāmetyabodhisattvo'bhiṣiktakaḥ//44//
vajropamaṃsamādhānaṃvikalpābhedyametyaca/
niṣṣṭhāśrayaparāvṛttiṃsarvāvaraṇanirmalāṃ//45//
sarvākārajñatāṃcaivalabhate'nuttaraṃpadaṃ/
yatrasthaḥsarvasattvānāṃhitāyapratipadyate//46//
ebhirbhāvanāmārgaḥparidīpitaḥ/dvividhaṃṃjñānaṃṃ/nirvikalpaṃcayenātmanobuddhadharmānviśodhayati/yathāvyava-sthānaṃcalokottarapṛṣṭhalabdhaṃlaukikaṃyenasattvānparipācayati/asaṃkhyeyadvayasyasamāptaupaścimāṃbhāvanāmāgamyāvasānagatāmabhiṣiktobodhisattvo92vajropamaṃsamādhiṃlabhate/vikalpānuśayābhedyārthenavajropamaḥ/tatoniṣṭhāgatāmāśrayaparāvṛttiṃlabhatesarvakleśajñeyāvaraṇanirmalāṃ/sarvākāra-jñatāṃ93cānuttarapadaṃyatrasthoyāvatsaṃsāramabhisaṃbodhi-nirvāṇasaṃdarśanādibhiḥsattvānāṃhitāyapratipadyate/
kathaṃṃtathādurlabhadarśanemunau
bhavenmahārthaṃṃnahinityadarśanaṃ/
bhṛśaṃsamāpyāyitacetasaḥsadā
prasādavegairasamaśravodbhavaiḥ//47//94
pracodyamānaḥ95satataṃcasaṃmukhaṃ
tathāgatairdharmamukhe96vyavasthitaḥ/
nigṛhyakeśeṣv97ivadoṣṣagahvarān98
nikṛṣyabodhausabalānniveśyate//48//
sasarvalokaṃsuviśuddhadarśanair
akalpabodhairabhibhūyasarvathā/
mahāndhakāraṃvidhamayyabhāsate
jaganmahādityaivābhyudāgataḥ99//49//
[97]ebhistribhiḥślokairavavādamāhātmyaṃdarśayati/yohidharmamukhasrotasy100avavādaṃlabhatetasyanityaṃbuddhadar-śanaṃbhavati/tataścāsamaṃdharmaśravaṇaṃ/yato'syātyarthaṃprasādavegair101āpyāyitacetasastannityadarśanaṃbuddhānāṃmahārthaṃbhavati/śeṣaṃgatārthaṃ/
buddhāḥsamyakpraśaṃsāṃvidadhatisatataṃ
svārthasamyakprayuktenindāmmithyāprayukte102
sthitivicayaparecāntarāyānukūlān/
dharmānsarvaprakārānvidhivadihajinā
darśayantyagrasattveyānvarjyāsevyayoge
bhavativipulatāsaugateśāsane'smin//50//103
caturvidhāmanuśāsanīmekena104ślokenadarśayati/105adhiśīlamadhikṛtyasamyaksvārthaprayuktebodhisattvepraśaṃsāvidhānataḥ/mithyāprayuktecanindāvidhānataḥ/106adhicittamadhiprajñaṃcādhikṛtyasthitivicayaparetadantarāyāṇāṃtadanukūlānāṃcasarvaprakārāṇāṃdharmāṇāṃdeśanataḥ/yānvarjyāsevyetyantarāyānanukūlāṃścayathākramaṃ/yogaitiśamathavipaśyanābhāvanāyāṃ/
itisatataśubhācayaprapūrṇaḥ
suvipulametyasacetasaḥsamādhiṃ/
munisatatamahāvavādalabdhobhavati
guṇārṇavapārago'grasattvaḥ//51//107
nigamanaślokogatārthaḥ/
mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāreavavādānuśāsanyadhikāraścaturdaśaḥ108
uddānaṃ
adhimukterbahulatādharmaparyeṣṣṭideśane/109
pratipattistathāsamyagavavādānuśāsanaṃ110//111——
注釋
1.[90,n.1]:直到第36頌是anuṣṭubh韻律。
2.SL作°haṃ,Ba、Sh、[O221]、[I10]皆改作°tham。依文法規則(例如MG27),m是絕對語末子音之一,而ṃ不是,故後四者之訂正符合文法規則。但印度籍的穆克紀(BiswadebMukherjee)老師指示筆者,前述的是古典梵文的文法規則,佛教梵文不一定遵守,句末以ṃ結尾是正常的,因此筆者仍依SL作°thaṃ。本品還有許多同樣的情況,筆者皆照SL本,不另作注說明。
3.SL原作kalpa,[L161]根據藏譯的dgeba(筆者按:見D190a2,P206a1,P版在g之前模糊,看不清是否為d)而訂正為kalya。[O230,n.1]:「依長尾與Lévi的翻譯,kalpa應訂正為kalya。藏譯:[sems]dgeba,漢譯:軟〔心〕。在大谷A,B本作kalpa,而kalpa有下列意思,如1」practicable,2」proper,3」strong,4」able(筆者按:此四義見AD547b),所以它似乎可能是kalpa,而非kalya。」但[I10,(15)]:在A,B本中,此情形的pa與ya難區別。小谷信千代和岩本明美都未能十分確定此字應是kalpa或kalya。
筆者根據《菩薩地》的相關文字判斷,此字應是kalya。因為,對於kalya-citta,長行解釋說:"vinivaraṇatvāt"(見下文),意為「由於離蓋」;與此相似的是,《菩薩地》中有"vigata-nivaraṇasyakalya-cittasya"(BoBh218,20-21),玄奘譯為「遠離諸蓋,心調善者」(T30,530a28)其中vinivaraṇatva與vigata-nivaraṇa二者同為「離蓋」之義,所以此頌應與《菩薩地》一樣是用kalya,而非kalpa。
4.SL作bodhisatva,Ba、Sh、[O221]、[I11]皆訂正為bodhisattva。[SLAVANT-PROPOS,II]:「我(Lévi)慎重地避免刪除我的寫本中拼寫及連音(sandhi)的不合規則處。尼泊爾抄寫者的傳統有其固定的用法,例如:°ttva簡化成°tva(bodhisatva,tatva,etc.)」岩本明美說:「在Lévi本中,bodhisattva和tattva等的"-ttva"照寫本表記為"-tva",但〔我〕皆改為"-ttva"。」見[I6]。本文從之,凡此情形皆改為"-ttva",不另說明。
5.SL作dṛṣṭi,[I11,n.2]訂正為dṛṣṭy。筆者按:依連音規則,在svarasandhi的情形中,i之後接不同於i的母音時要變成y,見KG22,岩本明美可能是依此種規則而作如此訂正。但是,承蒙穆克紀(BiswadebMukherjee)老師指示,若作如此訂正,dṛṣṭy後接ṛju時,y-ṛ是無法發音的,在此情形必須依KG23,b的規則,即dṛṣṭi與ṛju之間不產生連音變化。
6.SL作ṛjju,[L161]訂正為ṛju。
7.SL作pratyātmayoniśaś,[U618]將pratyātma訂正為-ātmam。[O221]訂正為pratyātma-yoniśaś。舟橋尚哉根據Ns,Nc,A等寫本將pratyātma訂正為pratyātmaṃ,是副詞;並指出從偈頌韻律的音節長短來考慮,pratyātmaṃ較pratyātma正確。因為此頌是śloka的第一形式pathya,此字位於此śloka的後半頌的第三韻腳,此韻腳的四個音節可以是長、長、長、長(若此字是pratyātmaṃ時),也可以是長、長、短、長(若此字是pratyātma時),但若是後者,則第三韻腳的短、長與第四韻腳的短、長、短、長相連續,因此應不是後者——pratyātma,參[F56]。再者,岩本明美指出,yoniśaś之後的ca是並列連接pratyātmaṃ與yoniśaś,見[I11(16)],意思大概是說並列連接的必是相同詞類的字,yoniśaś是副詞,和它並列連接的也應是副詞,所以是pratyātmaṃ,而非如[O221]將它當成複合語pratyātma-yoniśaś。
8.[90,n.2]:samāśāsti是新字,漢譯是「求」。
9.在兩*之間的這段文字,在唐譯本與藏譯本中皆無相當之譯文。[I12,(18)]指出,從內容來看,很難認為這段文字是在說明根本心,而且其中yoniśo是在第五偈的dpāda要說明伺察心時所用的字,因此可能梵本在此處發生錯亂。筆者按:在唐譯本與藏譯本中雖無相當之譯文,但SAV卻有對此句的解釋,見〈中文譯注〉注11。
10.SL作saṃgrahaṇaṃ。[I13,7與(19)]根據寫本與藏譯推測,此字原文應是saṃkhyā-grahaṇaṃ(掌握數目)。因為A,Nc是作sa‧grahaṇaṃ,B,Ns則作sa□grahaṇaṃ,亦即在sa和grahaṇaṃ之間或是一點或是空白,應是表示有不可判讀之字,而MAS,MSAṬ,SAV之藏譯都是graṅs'dzin(掌握數目),故推測原文是saṃkhyāgrahaṇaṃ。筆者從之。
11.SL作śamalakṣa,[L162,n.3]訂正為samalakṣaṇa。Sh誤作śamalakṣaṇa。
12.SL作anādhyāropā°,[F56]據Ns,Nc,A,B等寫本訂正為anadhyāropā。
13.SL作sārthatathā,[Nxvii]根據藏譯(筆者按:dondaṅbcaspa(P無pa)ñid;D190b4,P206b4)訂正為sārthatayā。
14.Sh誤作vyañjanām。
15.[O222]誤作avdhārayati。
16.SL作tad,[O231,n.7]依A,B訂正為yad。
17.SL作samātat°。在samā與tat°之間,SL有此注([91n.1]):「寫本的原文如此。此處漢文太簡短,故無法據以修正。」[Nxvii]根據藏譯(筆者按:tiṅṅe'dzingyidontam;D190b5,P206b5-6)訂正為samādhyarthaṃvātat°。
18.SL作cittasyagṛhṇīyād。I本訂正為cittaṃpragṛhṇīyād。[I14,n.13]指出:A,Nc本作cittaṃpratigṛhṇīyād;B本作cittaṃpragṛhṇīyād;Ns本難以辨認;藏譯是(źumpa'i)semsnirabgzuṅste;SAV的藏譯是(źumpa'i)semsnirabtugzuṅ。筆者按:藏文的rabtu(或簡化作rab)相當於梵文的pra,gzuṅ相當於gṛhṇīyād,sems相當於cittaṃ,而且藏譯的sems(相當於梵語的cittaṃ,中文的「心」)在此處應是受詞(BHSD357a在pragṛhṇāti〔即pragṛhṇīyād之pr.sg.3°〕項中有"usedwithcittaṃasobject,activates(themind)",因此sems或cittaṃ在此處應是受詞),非如SL的cittasya是屬格,因此採B本。
19.SL作śama°,[L163]訂正為sama°。
20.SL原無此句,[L163]根據藏譯(筆者按:rabtu'dzinpa'irgyumthsanyidlabyedpa;D191a3-4,P207a4)而補入此句。[I14,n.15]:A,B,Nc本將此句置於śamathanimittamanaskāraḥ之後。
21.Sh誤作°thamitta。
22.SL作tatpravedhaṃ,[Nxvii]依藏譯(筆者按:dergyun;D191a4,P207a6)改為tatpravāhaṃ。但依[F56]所說,本文在Ns本似乎是tatprabandhan[na],Nc缺tat而作prabandhaṃ,A本是pravaṃdhaṃ或prabaṃdhaṃ,B本不清楚,像是tatpravaddhan;所以根據寫本,此處應訂正為tatprabandhan或tatprabandhaṃ。再者,《大乘莊嚴經論》由此頌到第十四頌說明九種心住,而《聲聞地》在說明九種心住之處也有prabandha一詞(ŚrBh366,4),因此舟橋尚哉認為pravedhaṃ應訂正為prabandhaṃ,茲從之。
23.SL作ramayec,[L164]根據藏譯之gdul而訂正為damayec,N、Ba、Sh、O與I皆從之。筆者按,MSA的藏譯本mDosde'irgyangyibśadpa對此頌後半部的譯文是"denasyontanmthoṅba'iphyir/tiṅṅe'dzinlasemsgdullo/"(見D191a5,P207a6-7,意思是:然後見到功德之故,應於三昧中調順心)gdul是'dul的未來式,意為「應調順」,相當於梵語√dam的caus.,opt."damayet"(3°sg.)。依連音規則,由於t後面接c時會變成c(見MG38),所以此處Lévi之訂正為damayec。但是,SAV中此頌後半部的藏譯是"tiṅ'dzinyontanmthoṅbasna/debassemsnidga'bar'gyur/"(見D267a6-7,P298a6),意思是:由於見到三昧功德,因此心應轉為歡喜(或可譯為「心轉為歡喜」,因為"gyur"可以是fut.或是pr。),當中沒有gdul(應調順)或與此同義的語詞,卻有dga'ba一詞,意思是「喜好」、「愉快」、「快樂」、「歡喜」等(見TC439b-440a),相當於梵語的√ram(見Mvy472b)。√ram的caus.有"bepleasedordelighted"(愉快、歡喜)的意思(MW867);則√ram的caus.,opt.,亦即"ramayet"(3°,sg.),應有"shouldbepleasedordelighted"(應愉快、應歡喜)的意思,正與SAV藏譯中之"dga'bar'gyur"(應轉為歡喜)意思相符。因此,按照SAV來看,SL原來的"ramayec"(依連音規則t變成c,理由同前)似乎並無錯誤。而且,SAV對此頌後半的解釋之藏譯如下:gaṅgitshernal'byorpa'itiṅṅe'dzinlartsegcigtu'jogpalade'itsheyullasems'phrospargyurna/yullasemsdga'bar'gyurgyitiṅṅe'dzinlasemsmidga'bar'gyurte/de'idusnadestiṅṅe'dzingyiyontanlabrtagparbya'o/destiṅṅe'dzingyiyontanlabrtagsnatiṅṅe'dzingyiyontanmthoṅbar'gyurro//tiṅṅe'dzingyiyontanmthoṅnasemsmidga'baźiźiṅdulbargyurnassems(P無sems)dga'baskyebar'gyurtedesnidulbarbyedpabstanto//(見D267a7-b1,P298a6-b1)意思是:專注於瑜伽行的三昧時,心若馳散於外境,則心對外境歡喜,心卻對三昧不歡喜;此時他應思惟三昧的功德。他若思惟三昧的功德,則見到三昧的功德。若見到三昧的功德,則〔對三昧〕不歡喜的心止息且變為調順,然後心生起歡喜。以此說明「調順」。(即說明長行釋文裡九種心住中的「調順(心)」)由此可見,這段解釋雖有提到「調順(dulba)」,但重點是在說明藉由見到三昧的功德而使心對三昧生起歡喜,因此頌文中極有可能是作ramayec。再者,唐譯中與這段文字相當的譯文是「見定功德,轉樂住故」(T31,624b26)意思也近似安慧的SAV之藏譯,「轉樂住」較可能是譯自ramayec,不可能是譯自damayec。而且,若頌文中是作damayec,則九種心住當中唯獨此第五心住的名稱「調順」出現於頌文中,其他八種心住的名稱均未見於頌文,則如此現象似不甚合常理。(無性的MSAṬ未談及此頌。)總之,SAV之藏譯與MSA之唐譯所根據的梵本可能都是如Lévi所依的寫本是作ramayec,而且從SAV藏譯本中安慧的解釋來看,採ramayec也較合理;再者,A本作ramayac(84a1-2),B本作ramayec(89b9-90a1),二者皆支持"ra"而非"da"。由於這麼多點都支持ramayec,只有MSA之藏譯支持damayec,因此筆者認為應依SL原來的ramayec。
24.SL作vikṣepa,[O223]將它當成與後二字相結合而成的複合語vikṣepa-doṣa-darśanāt"。[I15n.18]訂正為vikṣepe,岩本明美指出:A,B,Nc作vikṣepe;Ns難以辨識;就śloka而言,bpāda的第二、三、四音節的順序不應是長、短、長。筆者按:依文法規則,śloka的bpāda的前四音節長短是沒有限定的,參MGp.233與TsGp.9。從另一方面來看,若採vikṣepe,則此頌與前一頌相對照,可發現此頌的vikṣepedoṣadarśanāt與前一頌的samādhauguṇadarśanāt是相同的句型,vikṣepe與samādhau同是loc.,doṣadarśanāt是comp.,abl.,guṇadarśanāt也是comp.,abl。在意義上,二者也呈現出對比性:vikṣepe是散亂,而samādhau是三昧;doṣa是過失,而guṇa是功德;由此也可推論此字很有可能是與samādhau同為loc.的vikṣepe,而非vikṣepa。而且A,B,Nc等寫本都作vikṣepe,故採vikṣepe。
25.SL作°rān,[L164]訂正為°rāṃ。[O222]誤作labhetānbhi°。
26.SL作°ti,[F57]訂正為°ty。
27.SL作°ti,[F57]訂正為°ty。
28.Sh缺此cittaṃ。
29.Sh作navākārā,Ba,[O223],[I15]皆照SL作navākārāḥ。由於Sh本常有錯誤,此處有可能也是漏了ḥ。但是原文作navākārā卻是有可能的。因為前一句的navākārayā是f.,inst.,sg.,Bv.,用以修飾與它性、格、數相同的cittasthityā;此句若是navākārā則是指前者的navākārayā,性、數仍是f.,sg.,只是格變成nom.,至於navākārā所修飾的cittasthiti則被省略了。然而筆者見A本(84a5)與B本(90a5)都與SL一樣是作navākārāḥ,尚未見到有寫本支持navākārā,因此仍依SL。
30.SL作sama°,[L165]訂正為sama°。
31.SL作tān,[L165]改為tāṃ,但[I15,(22)]認為不必改,理由是四個寫本都作tān,而且SAV把tān釋為「身心的輕安與作意」(D268a4,筆者按:藏文是yidlabyedpadedaṅlusdaṅsemslassuruṅba,意思應為『彼作意與身心之堪能性』)」(D268a4),MSAṬ注釋為「十一作意」(D113b1)。
32.Ba,Sh誤作iti。
33.SL作dhyāne,[I16,n.23]訂正為dhyāna。筆者按:e後接a以外的母音(如i)時會變成a,見MG21,b。由於dhyāne後接iti,所以應變為dhyāna。
34.SL原作kṛtsnādausvalpakāyo,[L165]參考藏譯而訂正為kṛtsnadauṣṭhulyakāyo。[I16n.24]又根據A、Nc、Ns等寫本而訂正為kṛtsnodauṣṭhulyakāyo。
35.SL作śaddher,Ba、[O224]、[I17]皆改為śuddher。
36.Sh缺śuddheriti。
37.SL作yānānantaryāt,[Nxvii]依藏譯(筆者按:thegpa(P無pa)blanmedpa'iphyir,D191b8,P208a2)訂正為yānānuttaryāt。
38.SL原無ca,[I17,n.26]:依A,B,Nc,Ns補入ca。
39.SL作dharmal°,[L166]訂正為dharmāl°。
40.SL作prahīno,[U619]訂正為prahīṇo。
41.SL作°nikṣepas,[L166]訂正為°vikṣepas。Sh誤作°vikṣapas。
42.Sh誤作°vikṣapaḥ。
43.Sh將此句置於第二十三頌之前。
44.Sh誤作°vinimu°。
45.SL作paśyati,[F58]依A,B,Nc,Ns等寫本訂正為prapaśyati。
46.此字在唐譯(T31,625a16)、MSA之藏譯(D192a5,P208a8)與SAV之藏譯(D271a2,P302b3)皆譯為「見」(mthoṅba),但是就筆者目前所接觸到的資料(如MW341a,AD640b,PS80c,SSE176c),除了WD408a依本論而附上「見」的譯語之外,尚未看過khyāti有「見」的意思。然而與此字相似的"ākhyāti"(ā-√khyā)則有「見」的意思(在MW129a有"behold"(見)之義,在AD311b有"lookat,count"(視為、認為)之義,在WD408a有「視。見」之義),所以筆者推測本來可能是"ākhyāti",與前一字"eva"連音後會成為"evākhyāti",也許在傳抄過程中遺漏了"ā"的長音符號,所以變成今日梵本所見的"evakhyāti"。以上可參閱〈第三章、中文譯注〉注53。@然而目前仍無寫本的支持,筆者所見A本與B本都如SL是作"evakhyāti",所以尚無更有力的證據以資論斷。
47.[93,n.1]:此為經名,漢譯為灰河經,但我找不到此名稱的經。
48.SL作āsthita,小谷信千代根據B本與MSA藏譯的"mignaspa'ibyedpas"(筆者按:見D192a6,P208b2)訂正為asthita,參[O231,n.20]。但岩本明美則說B與A、Nc皆作āsthita,Ns無法辨識為a或ā,他依據BHSD的"āsthiti"項中所舉的用例及A、B與Nc本而主張不採小谷的訂正,仍復原作āsthita,參[I18,(24)]。筆者按:BHSD111b的"āsthiti"項有:"perseverance,persistence:in°ti-kriyā,actingwith;=paliaṭṭhita-kiriyatā,id.(CPD),whichwouldbe*āsthita-kriyatā."。CPDVol.1,Part2,p.70的"aṭṭhita-kiriyatā"項中有:"theactingsteadfastly"。因此āsthita有「堅忍」、「堅持」、「堅定不移」的意思。若採āsthita,此句可譯為:「他為了那法明的增長,以堅定不移的作為,發起堅固的精進。」如此文意似乎相當合理。然而在CPDVol.1,Part2,p.69的"1aṭṭhita"項中有:"[sa.a-sthita],withoutstopping,uninterrupted,",sa.是sanskrit的略語,所以asthita有「無休止」、「不間斷」之義,若採此字而將此句譯作:「他為了那法明的增長,以無休止的作為,發起堅固的精進。」似乎也相當合理。然而,由於asthita有藏譯的支持,而且筆者目睹B本之影本確實如小谷所見是作asthita(91a7),則此字又有寫本的支持,故筆者採小谷的訂正,但也保留岩本看法為正確的可能性。
49.Sh誤作°ddhyāḥ。
50.SL作prahīno,[U619]訂正為prahīṇo。
51.Sh誤作°kṣepa。
52.Sh誤作śipram。
53.Sh誤作ūṣma°。
54.SL作punaḥ,[O231,n.21]:依大谷A、B本,以及Tib(MSA藏譯)與Sthi(SAV藏譯)的denas更正為tataḥ。筆者按:denas見於D192b2,P208b6(MSA藏譯)與D272a2,P303b5(SAV藏譯)。
55.Sh將此句置於第二十八頌之前。
56.SL作yānānantaryeṇa,[L167]訂正如上。但長尾雅人表示,依MSA藏譯與SAV應訂正為jñānānutta°。然而小谷信千代指出,MSA藏譯的確是yeśes(筆者按:見D192b3,P208b7),即梵文的jñāna(智慧),但SAV不是如此。而且此處是要說明為何智慧是無上,卻以「因智慧無上」作為理由,則是矛盾,因此不依藏譯而依[L167]與A、B本,仍作yānānuttaryeṇa。筆者從之。
57.SL作darśanajñeya,[Nxvii]據藏譯(筆者按:mthoṅbasspaṅbarbya,見D192b4,P208b8)訂正如上。
58.Sh誤作sā'syāśra°。
59.SL作duḥkhārthekṛtye。小谷信千代指出,A本作duḥkhārthakṛtye,B本作duḥkhārthekṛtya,藏譯(MSA)還原為duḥkhearthakṛtye,安慧釋(SAV)所引用的頌文還原為duḥkhārthekṛtye,其注釋文字則為duḥkhearthakṛtye,參小谷信千代(1984,206,n.50)。岩本明美也把SAV所引用的頌文推測為duḥkhārthekṛtye,而注釋文字則為duḥkhe'rthekṛtye,並且主張依SAV的注釋文字與MSA的藏譯而訂正為duḥkhe'rthekṛtye,參[I20,(27)]。筆者按:MSA的藏譯是"sdugbsṅaldaṅnidonbyadaṅ/"(D192b6,P209a3),可視為譯自duḥkhe與arthakṛtye。SAV的注釋文字有"sdugbsṅalmñampadaṅ/donbyabamñampadaṅ/"(D272b7,P304b5),sdugbsṅal和donbyaba可視為分別來自duḥkhe與arthakṛtye。SAV所引用的頌文為"bdagched(應是med之誤植)daṅnisdugbsṅaldon/byabadaṅnirebamed/"(D272b6,P304b4),小谷信千代與岩本明美都把sdugbsṅaldon視作一個詞,所以推想原文為duḥkhārthe,而byaba是另一詞,即kṛtye。其實此二人在藏文偈頌的解讀上都疏忽了一點,那就是藏文偈頌有時在偈頌格式的一「句」中未能表達完整的意思,一個語詞有時會被分隔在兩句中,尤其是在翻譯的作品中;此頌便是這種情形,don/byaba雖被分在兩句中,卻必須連在一起看,這就與SAV的注釋文字donbyaba相同(以上感謝格西昂旺札巴(dGebśes→gun←agdbaṅgragspa)的指示),所以此頌也如SAV的注釋文字可視為譯自duḥkhe與arthakṛtye。因此,MSA、SAV所引頌文與SAV的注釋文字三者的藏譯都是一致的,皆可視為譯自duḥkhe與arthakṛtye,依連音規則(MG21,a)此二詞相連時應作duḥkhe'rthakṛtye。至於岩本明美把donbyaba推測為arthekṛtye('rthekṛtye),筆者則認為較有可能是如小谷信千代所推測的arthakṛtye此複合語。因為此複合語也見於本論《敬佛品》第十三頌(SL是《行住品》第五十五頌):"sarvasattvārthakṛtyeṣu"(SL187,5),意思是:「對一切眾生有利之事」(唐譯:「利益眾生事」見T31,661a17),其中arthakṛtyeṣu意思是「有利之事」;而《教授教誡品》的長行在解釋arthakṛtye(或arthekṛtye)時說:「自己與他人斷除痛苦」(見下文),arthakṛtye是指「斷除痛苦」,這也是「有利之事」,與《敬佛品》的arthakṛtyeṣu意思相符,因此這兩品可能有同樣的用詞,所以本文採與《敬佛品》頌文相同的arthakṛtye,前面加上duḥkhe則成為duḥkhe'rthakṛtye。
60.Sh誤作yathānno。
61.SL作sadāātma°,[I20,n.36]訂正如上。
62.Sh誤作°duḥkhasamatayor。
63.SL作traidhātukātma,[F58-59]訂正為traidhātukānsa。
64.suviśuddhenaadvayārthena此二詞依連音規則應結合成suviśuddhenādvayārthena,但若如此則此頌將成三十一音節而不符一個anuṣṭubh頌有三十二音節的規定。Bagchi(1970,Introduction18)指出,本論作者經常為了要滿足偈頌韻律的要求而避免連音的結合。筆者認為此頌的情況正是如此。
65.SL作traidhātukātma,[F59]訂正為traidhātukān。
66.SL作°kalpanāmātrān,[O226]訂正為°kalpamātrān。
67.[94,n.1]:hāyin是新字,在注釋中被注為prahātavya,漢譯同樣譯為「見所滅」。筆者按:prahātavya是pra-√hā的FPP,唐譯為「所滅」,長行釋文中以此字取代頌文的hāyibhiḥ。在RS204的√hā項中的Derivatives中有hāyin一詞,此詞與prahātavya同樣是以hā為詞根。
68.SL作labdhvā。[O231,n.25]:「依藏譯(筆者按:denasdetshe(D:che)mthoṅba'ilam//thobpaźesniṅesparbrjod//D193a4,P209b2)及安慧釋(筆者按:desnimthoṅba'ilamthobces//gaṅphyirde'i(D:de)tshebrjodpa'o,D274b6,P306a8),labdhvā應訂正為labdho。」
69.SL作°dhātūn,岩本明美訂正作°dhātuṃ,[I21,n.42]:A,Nc作dhātuṃ,B作°dhātun,Ns無法辨識。
70.Sh遺漏此字。
71.SL作yānartha°,[O231,n.27]根據A,B本的yonartha°訂正為yo'nartha°。
72.SL作°dṛṣṭiḥ,[O231,n.28]根據A本訂正為°dṛṣṭiṃ。
73.[95n.1]:直到第四十一頌是upajāti韻律。
74.SL作ālokayate,[Nxvii]根據藏譯(筆者按:'jigrtengnaspasriddu見D193b4,P210a4)訂正為ālokagataṃ。
75.[O228]誤作pañcābhiḥ。
76.[O228]誤作darśna°。
77.Sh將此句置於第三十七頌之前。
78.SL作mahātmadṛṣṭiritimahārthā,小谷信千代根據藏譯與SAV而刪去iti,參[O231,n.31]。但岩本明美認為由藏譯是無法推定iti的有無,而SAV的譯文"ltabachenpo'idonchenpo"(筆者按:D278a2,P310b5)並不正確,不足以判斷iti的有無,並且認為iti的作用是註釋mahātmadṛṣṣṭi(參[I24,(30)]),因此翻譯此句為:「『大我見』、大利益…」(參岩本明美(1996,93))
筆者認為,由本論的藏譯來看,小谷的訂正是正確的。此句的藏譯是"bdagñidchenpo'iltabadonchenponi"(D193b6,P210a6)。在論疏中,ni往往用來標示所要解釋的文字(參ICTp.29),本句的ni正是如此,被解釋的對象則為"bdagñidchenpo'iltabadonchenpo",亦即梵文的"mahātmadṛṣṭirmahārthā",因此還原為梵文時,不應有iti插在mahātmadṛṣṭir和mahārthā之間而成為只以mahātmadṛṣṭir作為解釋的對象。再者,mahātmadṛṣṭirmahārthā是在偈頌中出現的一個完整詞組,在長行釋文中也應是一整體,作為被解釋的對象,而不太可能用mahārthā來解釋mahātmadṛṣṭir。
79.SL作°dṛṣṭyāanartha,[I24,n.47]訂正為°dṛṣṭyānartha。筆者按:依連音規則,應採I之訂正。參MG18。
80.SL作mahārthāyāvināpiduḥkhena,[O228]改為mahārthā/yovināpiduḥkhena,僅在[O232,n.32]說A,B本作ya,未說明訂正為如此之理由。[I24(32)]則認為mahārthā是注釋前面的ātmadṛṣṭi,yā是用來使這一點明瞭。而且vināpiduḥkhena是由第三十八頌引用的文字,頌文原無yo,所以不需要yo。因此訂正為mahārthāyā/vināpiduḥkhena。筆者同意I之看法,但補充一點,即SL作yā是正確的,不需要改成yo,因為yā是配合mahārthā,應與它同為f。
81.SL作suduḥkhitā,[O232,n.33]依A,B本訂正為suduḥkhitas。
82.SL作vimukta°,[I25,n.50]根據A,B,Nc,Ns本訂正為mukta°。
83.[O228]誤作hātvyebhyaḥ。
84.SL作°sāṃntānikena,[O232,n.34]訂正為°sāṃtānikena。
85.SL原無此"/",[I25,n.52]根據藏譯的"//"而補上"/"。筆者按:藏譯是"semscanthamscadkyirgyudlasbyuṅba'ichiṅbamibzad(D:zad)payunriṅposkyaṅbciṅspa'o//"(D194a1-2,P311b1-3)雖然譯文似乎並不正確(參〈第三章、中文譯注〉之譯文與腳注,"chiṅbamibzadpayunriṅposkyaṅbciṅspa"(baddhaścagāḍhāyatabandhanena)應是所要注解的對象,"semscanthamscadkyirgyudlasbyuṅba"(sarvasattvasāṃṃtānikena)應是注解前者的釋文),但可看出這是一個句子,須與下文分開。
86.SL作svadhātor,[Nxvii]根據藏譯(筆者按:"semscangyikhams",D194a2,P210b2)訂正為sattvadhātor。Sh誤作svasattvadhātor。
87.SL原無此"/",[I25,n.54]根據A,B,Nc,Ns本而補上。
88.SL作caivatām,[Nxvii]根據藏譯(筆者按:"semscantshadmedpa'idonbyedpañid",D194a2,P210b3)將tām訂正為artham。
89.SL作yaścittaprayukta°,[L170]根據藏譯"dersbyorbalamiskyoba"(筆者按:D194a4,P210b5)訂正為yaścatatprayukta°。
90.[96,n.1]:直到第46頌是anuṣṭubh韻律。
91.Ba誤作nivirk°。
92.[O232,n.38]根據A本補上bodhisattvo。
93.Sh誤作sarvakā。
94.[96,n.2]:直到第49頌是vaṃśasthā韻律。
95.SL作acod°,[L172]根據藏譯"'domsmjad(sic)ciṅ"(筆者按:D194b4,P211a7)而訂正為pracod°。
96.SL作°sukhe,[Nxvii]根據藏譯(筆者按:"choskyisgo",D194b4,P211a6-7)訂正為°mukhe。
97.[O229]誤作kleśeṣv。
98.SL作°varāt,Sh訂正為°varān,[I27,n.60]根據A,B,Nc本也訂正為°varān。
99.SL作ivātyudārataḥ,[I27,n.61]根據寫本和藏譯訂正為ivābhyudāgataḥ。因為A,Nc作ivābhyudāgataḥ,B作ivātyudāgataḥ,MSA與MSA→gdt←作śarbabźindu(筆者按:D195a4,P211b7與D116a3,P130b2),SAV作bźindu'char(筆者按:D282b3,P316a8)
100.SL作°śrotasy,Ba訂正為°srotasy,Sh,I皆從之。[I27,n.62及(34)]指出,A,B,Nc作°śrotasy,Ns無法辨識;而第三頌的srotasi在四寫本中也都作śrotasi(筆者按:但SL作srotasi),為了與第三頌一致,故訂正為°srotasy。筆者從之。
101.SL在'syātyarthaṃ與prasādavegair之間有prasādaḥ,[O232,n.42]指出藏譯和A,B本沒有此字。
102.SL作īrṣyā,[I27,n.64]指出A,B,Nc作miṣyā,而MSA藏譯與SAV都作"logpar"(筆者按:見D194b5,P211a8與D281b2,P315a2),所以訂正為mithyā。筆者從之。
103.[97,n.1]:sragdharā韻律
唐譯無此頌及其長行。在藏譯中此頌與SL之第四十九頌位置互換,並以此頌為第四十九頌,而以SL之第四十九頌為第五十頌,此頌之長行也被置於第四十七、四十八頌的長行之後,其後則接第四十九、五十一頌,其順序即:K47-K48-K50-G47-G48-G50-K49-K51(K表偈頌,G表長行),見D194b5-195a5,P211a6-212a1。野澤靜證指出,藏譯的長行說K47,K48,K50三頌顯示教授的大威德(筆者按:D194b6,P211b1-2),SL則以K47,K48,K49三頌顯示教授的大威德(māhātmya),唐譯也是如SL以K47-K48-K49的順序排列,而且以此三頌為「明因大教授得大義利(māhātmya)」(筆者按:T31,626c2ff),也與SL相同,因此認為藏譯可能更動過梵本,參野澤靜證(1938,135)。岩本明美也指出,K47,K48,K49的韻律都是vaṃśasthā,K50的韻律是sragdharā,若依藏譯的排列,則同一段落有兩種不同韻律,這是不符本品中一個段落由同一韻律組成的原則。再者,SAV引用偈頌與長行的順序雖同於藏譯(MSA),但安慧的注釋內容則是依循與SL相同的順序。由以上幾點,岩本明美認為梵本原來的順序是與SL相同的,藏譯是作過更動的,參[I7-9]。筆者同意野澤靜證與岩本明美的見解,因此仍依SL的順序。
此外岩本也推測第五十頌可能是後世增添的。一是因唐譯缺此頌;而且岩本認為由本品的體系來看,此頌在內容上是孤立的;再者第四十九頌有完結的效果,似宜作為總結,其後不應又有此頌;岩本也推測藏譯之所以將第四十九頌置於第五十頌之後,正是由於第四十九頌有完結的性質,參[I9,(14)]。筆者認為岩本明美的推測是有可能的,此外,筆者見智吉祥的《莊嚴經論總義》對本品所作的綱要有「示教授之大威德」一項,可能總攝第四十七到第四十九頌,卻無談論「教誡」的項目以攝第五十頌(詳見第一章頁二二),因此智吉祥所見的《莊嚴經論》本品可能並無第五十頌,但也有可能「示教授之大威德」一項已包含第五十頌。另一方面,SAV對此頌及其長行有極詳盡的解釋(D281a6-282b2,P314b6-316a7),MSA酗]有概略的解釋(D115b6-116a2,P130a4-8),這也是後人添加的或是SAV作者安慧與MSA→gdt←作者無性二者皆確實目睹此頌而作的?若是後者,是在安慧或無性之前本品已增添此頌或是原來本品就有此頌?安慧及無性是繼世親之後不久的重要瑜伽行派論師(參宇井伯壽(1965,434)),對唯識典籍自是十分熟悉,若此頌是在他們之前被添加進去,他們讀到此頌時是否會覺得突兀?是否仍會作如此詳盡的解釋?這些問題未解決前,恐怕很難斷言此頌是原有的或是後世添加的。
`SL中被編於下一品(第十五品)的開頭,並在頌末標示編號為"//1//"。"uddāna"意即「攝頌」,此頌列舉第十到第十四品的品名以總攝此五品。Sh將此頌及其前面的"uddānaṃ"置於"mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāreavavādānuśāsanyadhikāraścaturdaśaḥ"一句之前,而成為本品之一部分。岩本明美認為此頌由內容來判斷,應置於本品之末而非在第十五品之首,而且SAV將對此頌的解釋置於第十四品當中(筆者按:D283a5-7,P317a5-8),所以應屬第十四品,參[I29,(35)]。同樣的情形也出現在第九品與第十品之間的攝頌,此頌列舉了前九品的品名,SL置於第十品的開頭,舟橋尚哉認為此攝頌有可能既不屬第九品也不屬第十品,參舟橋尚哉(1985,203-206),因此筆者認為此處的攝頌也可能既不屬第十四品也不屬第十五品。然而筆者未能確定本論作者如何安排此攝頌之歸屬,只好暫且列出此頌於本品之末,以待來日有志解決此問題者繼續探討。